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Databases with Disk-oriented Storage Architecture

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	1010data OLAP	2000	Relational	Disk-oriented, In-Memory	OLAP
	4D	1984	Relational	Disk-oriented
	Access	1992	Relational	Disk-oriented
	Accumulo NoSQL	2008	Column Family / Wide-Column	Disk-oriented	NoSQL
	Adabas	1971	Network	Disk-oriented
	Adaptive Server Enterprise Acquired Company	1987	Relational	Disk-oriented, In-Memory	Acquired Company
	Advantage Database Server xBase Acquired Company	1993	Relational	Disk-oriented	xBase Acquired Company
	AgensGraph Forked Code Multi-Model Acquired Company	2013	Document / XML, Graph, Key-Value, Relational	Disk-oriented	Forked Code Multi-Model Acquired Company
	AionDB Multi-Model	2026	Vector, Graph, Relational	Disk-oriented	Multi-Model
	Aito Search Engine	2017	Relational	Disk-oriented, In-Memory	Search Engine
	AKDB Abandoned	2009	Relational	Disk-oriented	Abandoned
	Akiban Acquired Company Abandoned	2009	—	Disk-oriented	Acquired Company Abandoned
	Akutan Abandoned	2019	Triplestore / RDF	Disk-oriented	Abandoned
	AllegroGraph	2004	Triplestore / RDF	Disk-oriented
	AlloyDB OLAP Forked Code OLTP	2022	Relational	Disk-oriented	OLAP Forked Code OLTP
AN	AnuDB Serverless Abandoned NoSQL	2025	Document / XML	Disk-oriented	Serverless Abandoned NoSQL
	Arakoon Abandoned	2010	Key-Value	Disk-oriented	Abandoned
	Ark	2026	Relational	Disk-oriented
AS	Asami Abandoned	2018	Graph	Disk-oriented, In-Memory	Abandoned
	Assassin Abandoned Peer-to-Peer	2020	Key-Value	Disk-oriented	Abandoned Peer-to-Peer
	AsterixDB OLAP AI-Assisted	2009	Document / XML	Disk-oriented	OLAP AI-Assisted
	Aurora	2014	Relational	Disk-oriented
	Axibase Time-Series Failed Company	2004	—	Disk-oriented	Time-Series Failed Company
	Azure HorizonDB Forked Code	2026	Relational	Disk-oriented	Forked Code
	Azure SQL Database Hosting Service	2009	Relational	Disk-oriented, In-Memory	Hosting Service
	BabuDB Abandoned	2008	Key-Value	Disk-oriented	Abandoned
	BadgerDB AI-Assisted	2017	Key-Value	Disk-oriented, In-Memory	AI-Assisted
	BaikalDB	2018	Relational	Disk-oriented
	Beagle SQL Abandoned	1996	Relational	Disk-oriented	Abandoned
	Bedrock Blockchain OLTP AI-Assisted	2016	Relational	Disk-oriented	Blockchain OLTP AI-Assisted
	Berkeley DB Acquired Company OLTP DBM	1994	Document / XML, Key-Value	Disk-oriented	Acquired Company OLTP DBM
	BerylDB Abandoned Failed Company	2021	Key-Value	Disk-oriented	Abandoned Failed Company
	BigchainDB Abandoned Blockchain	2015	Document / XML, Key-Value	Disk-oriented	Abandoned Blockchain
	BigQuery OLAP Serverless	2010	Document / XML, Relational	Disk-oriented	OLAP Serverless
BI	BinaryRage Abandoned	2012	Key-Value	Disk-oriented	Abandoned
	Bleve Search Engine AI-Assisted	2014	Document / XML, Vector	Disk-oriented	Search Engine AI-Assisted
	BlobCity Failed Company	2015	Document / XML, Relational	Disk-oriented, In-Memory	Failed Company
	Blueflood Time-Series Abandoned	2013	Column Family / Wide-Column	Disk-oriented	Time-Series Abandoned
BR	BroDB Parody / Joke Abandoned	2024	Relational	Disk-oriented	Parody / Joke Abandoned
	Btrieve Acquired Company	1982	Network	Disk-oriented	Acquired Company
	bugfruit Abandoned	2022	Key-Value	Disk-oriented	Abandoned
	BusTub	2019	Relational	Disk-oriented
	Caché	1997	Array / Matrix	Disk-oriented
	Cassandra NoSQL AI-Assisted	2008	Key-Value, Column Family / Wide-Column	Disk-oriented	NoSQL AI-Assisted
CD	cdb Immutable	1996	Key-Value	Disk-oriented	Immutable
	CedarDB OLAP Forked Code OLTP	2023	Relational, Array / Matrix	Disk-oriented	OLAP Forked Code OLTP
	chaozzDB Abandoned	2008	—	Disk-oriented	Abandoned
	chDB OLAP Acquired Company AI-Assisted	2023	Relational	Disk-oriented	OLAP Acquired Company AI-Assisted
	Chroma Nearest Neighbor AI-Assisted	2022	Document / XML	Disk-oriented, In-Memory	Nearest Neighbor AI-Assisted
	ChromoDB Abandoned	2024	Key-Value	Disk-oriented	Abandoned
	Citus OLAP Acquired Company AI-Assisted	2010	Relational	Disk-oriented	OLAP Acquired Company AI-Assisted
	ClearDB Acquired Company	2010	Relational	Disk-oriented	Acquired Company
	ClickHouse OLAP AI-Assisted	2016	Relational	Disk-oriented, Hybrid, In-Memory	OLAP AI-Assisted
	Cloudant Acquired Company OLTP NoSQL	2008	Document / XML	Disk-oriented	Acquired Company OLTP NoSQL
	Cloud BigTable	2005	Column Family / Wide-Column	Disk-oriented
CL	CloudSearch Search Engine	2012	Document / XML	Disk-oriented	Search Engine
	Cloud Spanner NewSQL	2007	—	Disk-oriented	NewSQL
	Cloud SQL Hosting Service	2012	Relational	Disk-oriented	Hosting Service
	CloverDB NoSQL AI-Assisted	2022	Document / XML	Disk-oriented	NoSQL AI-Assisted
	CockroachDB NewSQL OLTP AI-Assisted	2014	Relational	Disk-oriented	NewSQL OLTP AI-Assisted
	Consus Abandoned	2015	Key-Value	Disk-oriented	Abandoned
	CoreObject Abandoned	2007	Object-Oriented	Disk-oriented	Abandoned
	CornerStone Acquired Company	1985	Relational	Disk-oriented	Acquired Company
	Couchbase NoSQL	2010	Key-Value, Document / XML	Disk-oriented	NoSQL
	CouchDB NoSQL	2005	Document / XML	Disk-oriented	NoSQL
	CovenantSQL Abandoned Blockchain	2018	Relational	Disk-oriented, In-Memory	Abandoned Blockchain
	CozoDB Abandoned	2022	Relational	Disk-oriented	Abandoned
	CrateDB	2014	—	Disk-oriented
	CrossDB Abandoned	2019	Relational	Disk-oriented	Abandoned
	C-Store Abandoned	2005	Relational	Disk-oriented	Abandoned
	cubeSQL Acquired Company	2003	Relational	Disk-oriented	Acquired Company
	Cubrid AI-Assisted	2008	Relational	Disk-oriented	AI-Assisted
	CurioDB Abandoned NoSQL	2015	Key-Value	Disk-oriented	Abandoned NoSQL
	Databend AI-Assisted	2020	Relational	Disk-oriented	AI-Assisted
	DataEase Acquired Company OLTP	1981	Relational	Disk-oriented	Acquired Company OLTP
	Datahike AI-Assisted	2018	Key-Value	Disk-oriented	AI-Assisted
	Db2	1983	Document / XML, Relational	Disk-oriented
	DB4IoT	2016	Document / XML	Disk-oriented
	dbeel Abandoned NoSQL	2023	Document / XML	Disk-oriented	Abandoned NoSQL
DB	DBOMP	1968	Hierarchical	Disk-oriented
	DeepDB Abandoned Failed Company	2010	Relational	Disk-oriented	Abandoned Failed Company
	Delta Lake AI-Assisted	2019	Column Family / Wide-Column	Disk-oriented	AI-Assisted
	DeviceSQL Streaming	1998	Relational	Disk-oriented	Streaming
	DMSII	1972	Network	Disk-oriented
	Dolt Versioning AI-Assisted	2018	Relational	Disk-oriented	Versioning AI-Assisted
DQ	Dqlite	2017	Relational	Disk-oriented
	DuctileDB Abandoned	2015	Graph	Disk-oriented	Abandoned
	EdgelessDB Abandoned	2021	Relational	Disk-oriented	Abandoned
	EJDB	2012	Key-Value, Document / XML	Disk-oriented
	Elasticsearch Search Engine NoSQL AI-Assisted	2004	Document / XML	Disk-oriented	Search Engine NoSQL AI-Assisted
	Elevator Abandoned	2012	Key-Value	Disk-oriented	Abandoned
	Engula	2022	Key-Value	Disk-oriented
EN	EnnoDB Abandoned	2012	Key-Value	Disk-oriented	Abandoned
	Epsilla Nearest Neighbor	2023	Array / Matrix	Disk-oriented	Nearest Neighbor
	EsgynDB Failed Company	2015	Relational	Disk-oriented	Failed Company
	Espresso	2011	Document / XML	Disk-oriented
	etcd Acquired Company	2013	Key-Value	Disk-oriented	Acquired Company
	Express Acquired Company	1970	Array / Matrix	Disk-oriented	Acquired Company
	eXtremeDB Cache Time-Series OLTP Middleware	2001	Key-Value, Entity-Relationship, Relational, Column Family / Wide-Column	Hybrid, Disk-oriented, In-Memory	Cache Time-Series OLTP Middleware
	FaunaDB Serverless Failed Company	2012	Document / XML, Graph, Key-Value, Relational	Disk-oriented	Serverless Failed Company
	FerresDB Nearest Neighbor AI-Assisted	2026	Vector	Disk-oriented	Nearest Neighbor AI-Assisted
	FerretDB AI-Assisted	2021	Document / XML	Disk-oriented	AI-Assisted
FE	Ferrite OLTP	2024	Relational	Disk-oriented	OLTP
	FileMaker Acquired Company	1985	Relational	Disk-oriented	Acquired Company
	Firebird AI-Assisted	2000	Relational	Disk-oriented	AI-Assisted
	Firebolt OLAP Forked Code	2020	Relational	Disk-oriented	OLAP Forked Code
	Fireproof Peer-to-Peer AI-Assisted	2022	Document / XML	Disk-oriented	Peer-to-Peer AI-Assisted
	FirstSQL/J Failed Company	2001	Relational	Disk-oriented, In-Memory	Failed Company
	Fjall OLTP	2023	Key-Value	Disk-oriented	OLTP
FO	ForestDB Abandoned	2013	Key-Value	Disk-oriented	Abandoned
	FoxPro xBase Acquired Company	1984	Relational	Disk-oriented	xBase Acquired Company
	FrontBase OLTP	1993	Relational	Disk-oriented	OLTP
GA	Gamma OLAP Abandoned OLTP	1986	Relational	Disk-oriented	OLAP Abandoned OLTP
	Garnet Cache AI-Assisted	2021	Key-Value	Disk-oriented	Cache AI-Assisted
	GaussDB	2011	Relational	Disk-oriented
	GDBM DBM	1990	Key-Value	Disk-oriented	DBM
	Gel OLAP AI-Assisted	2018	Relational	Disk-oriented	OLAP AI-Assisted
GO	Google F1	2013	Relational	Disk-oriented
GR	GRACE Abandoned	1981	Relational	Disk-oriented	Abandoned
	GraphBase NoSQL	2023	Graph	Disk-oriented	NoSQL
	GraphDB	2000	Triplestore / RDF	Disk-oriented
	GrapheneDB Hosting Service	2012	Graph	Disk-oriented	Hosting Service
	Greenplum OLAP Forked Code Acquired Company	2003	Relational	Disk-oriented	OLAP Forked Code Acquired Company
	GreptimeDB Time-Series AI-Assisted	2022	Relational	Disk-oriented	Time-Series AI-Assisted
	GridGain Acquired Company	2007	Key-Value	In-Memory	Acquired Company
	GT.M Acquired Company OLTP NoSQL	1986	Key-Value	Disk-oriented	Acquired Company OLTP NoSQL
	GUN Peer-to-Peer	2014	Graph	Disk-oriented, In-Memory	Peer-to-Peer
	Hadapt OLAP Acquired Company Middleware	2009	Relational	Disk-oriented	OLAP Acquired Company Middleware
	HampusDB	2006	Key-Value	Disk-oriented
	HAWQ OLAP Abandoned Middleware	2015	Relational	Disk-oriented	OLAP Abandoned Middleware
HA	HaystackDB Abandoned Nearest Neighbor MMAP	2024	Vector	Disk-oriented	Abandoned Nearest Neighbor MMAP
	HBase NoSQL	2007	Column Family / Wide-Column	Disk-oriented	NoSQL
HE	HelinDB Abandoned	2021	Key-Value	Disk-oriented	Abandoned
	Helium Failed Company	2017	Key-Value	Disk-oriented	Failed Company
	HerdDB	2016	Relational	Disk-oriented
	Heroic Abandoned	2015	Key-Value	Disk-oriented	Abandoned
	HexaDB	2023	Relational	Disk-oriented
	HexxlaDB AI-Assisted	2026	Array / Matrix, Vector	Disk-oriented	AI-Assisted
	HighContext Serverless	2023	Key-Value	Disk-oriented	Serverless
	HiRDB	1994	Document / XML, Relational	Disk-oriented
	Hive OLAP AI-Assisted	2010	Relational	Hybrid, Disk-oriented, In-Memory	OLAP AI-Assisted
HO	HorizonDB Geospatial	2025	Document / XML	Disk-oriented	Geospatial
	hss.db	2009	Relational	Disk-oriented
	HStreamDB Abandoned Streaming	2020	Relational	Disk-oriented	Abandoned Streaming
	Hydra OLAP Abandoned Failed Company	2022	Relational	Disk-oriented	OLAP Abandoned Failed Company
	HyperDB Parody / Joke Abandoned Nearest Neighbor	2023	Document / XML, Vector	Disk-oriented	Parody / Joke Abandoned Nearest Neighbor
	HyperDex Abandoned NoSQL	2011	Key-Value	Disk-oriented	Abandoned NoSQL
	HyperGraphDB Abandoned	2007	Graph	Disk-oriented	Abandoned
	HyperSQL	2001	Relational	Disk-oriented, In-Memory
	Hypertable Acquired Company Abandoned	2008	Column Family / Wide-Column	Disk-oriented	Acquired Company Abandoned
	Ignite	2014	Key-Value	Disk-oriented, In-Memory
	Immudb Immutable AI-Assisted	2019	Key-Value	Disk-oriented	Immutable AI-Assisted
	Impala OLAP AI-Assisted	2013	Relational	Disk-oriented	OLAP AI-Assisted
	IMS OLTP	1966	Hierarchical	Disk-oriented	OLTP
	IndraDB	2016	Graph	Disk-oriented
	InfiniDB OLAP Abandoned Failed Company	2000	Relational	Disk-oriented	OLAP Abandoned Failed Company
	Infinity Nearest Neighbor	2022	Relational	Disk-oriented	Nearest Neighbor
	InfluxDB Time-Series AI-Assisted	2013	Column Family / Wide-Column	Disk-oriented	Time-Series AI-Assisted
	Infobright OLAP Acquired Company	2005	Relational	Disk-oriented	OLAP Acquired Company
	Ingres Acquired Company	1974	Relational	Disk-oriented	Acquired Company
	InterBase Versioning Acquired Company	1984	Relational	Disk-oriented	Versioning Acquired Company
	IonDB Abandoned	2015	Key-Value	Disk-oriented, In-Memory	Abandoned
	IoTDB Time-Series AI-Assisted	2017	Hierarchical	Disk-oriented	Time-Series AI-Assisted
	Irmin	2013	Document / XML	Disk-oriented
	ITTIA DB Time-Series OLTP	2000	Relational	Disk-oriented	Time-Series OLTP
	Jade OLTP	1996	Object-Oriented	Disk-oriented	OLTP
	JaguarDB Nearest Neighbor	2017	Array / Matrix, Key-Value	Disk-oriented	Nearest Neighbor
	JinDB Abandoned	2019	—	Disk-oriented	Abandoned
	JoinBase Time-Series Abandoned	—	Relational	Disk-oriented	Time-Series Abandoned
	Just Logic/SQL OLTP	1994	Relational	Disk-oriented	OLTP
	k4 Time-Series Abandoned	2024	Key-Value	Disk-oriented	Time-Series Abandoned
	Kai Abandoned	2008	Key-Value	Disk-oriented	Abandoned
	KairosDB Time-Series	2013	Relational	Disk-oriented	Time-Series
	KantoDB OLTP	2025	Relational	Disk-oriented	OLTP
	Kinto NoSQL AI-Assisted	2014	Document / XML	Disk-oriented, In-Memory	NoSQL AI-Assisted
	KitaroDB	2012	Key-Value	Disk-oriented
	Kronotop NoSQL	2023	Document / XML	Disk-oriented	NoSQL
	ksqlDB Streaming AI-Assisted	2017	Key-Value, Relational	Disk-oriented	Streaming AI-Assisted
	Kudu OLTP	2016	Relational	Disk-oriented	OLTP
	Kuzu Acquired Company Abandoned Nearest Neighbor	2020	Graph	Disk-oriented	Acquired Company Abandoned Nearest Neighbor
KV	KVDB NoSQL	2026	Key-Value	Disk-oriented	NoSQL
	Kylin	2013	Key-Value	Disk-oriented
	Kyoto Cabinet DBM	2009	Key-Value	Disk-oriented, In-Memory	DBM
	LeanStore OLTP	2018	Key-Value	Disk-oriented	OLTP
	LedisDB Abandoned NoSQL	2014	Key-Value	Hybrid, Disk-oriented, In-Memory	Abandoned NoSQL
	LevelDB MMAP	2011	Key-Value	Disk-oriented	MMAP
	libSQL Forked Code OLTP	2022	Relational	Disk-oriented	Forked Code OLTP
	Linter	1990	Relational	Disk-oriented
	LiteDB AI-Assisted	2014	Document / XML	Disk-oriented	AI-Assisted
	LogosDB AI-Assisted	2026	Vector	Disk-oriented	AI-Assisted
	LotusDB Abandoned OLTP	2021	Key-Value	Disk-oriented	Abandoned OLTP
LO	LowDB Web Browser NoSQL	2014	Document / XML	Disk-oriented, In-Memory	Web Browser NoSQL
	LucidDB OLAP Abandoned	2004	Relational	Disk-oriented	OLAP Abandoned
	MammothDB OLAP Acquired Company	2012	Relational	Disk-oriented	OLAP Acquired Company
	MapR-DB Acquired Company	2012	Column Family / Wide-Column	Disk-oriented	Acquired Company
	MariaDB AI-Assisted	2009	Relational	Disk-oriented, In-Memory	AI-Assisted
	MaxDB OLTP	1977	Relational	Disk-oriented	OLTP
	MenteDB AI-Assisted	2026	Vector, Graph	Disk-oriented	AI-Assisted
	Mimer SQL	1974	Relational	Disk-oriented
	Mimir Time-Series AI-Assisted	2016	Relational	Disk-oriented	Time-Series AI-Assisted
MK	mkdb Abandoned	2023	Relational	Disk-oriented	Abandoned
	MMKV MMAP Mobile	2018	Key-Value	Disk-oriented	MMAP Mobile
	mnestic Forked Code Revival Project AI-Assisted	2026	Relational	Disk-oriented	Forked Code Revival Project AI-Assisted
	MobyDB	2026	Key-Value	Disk-oriented
	MonetDB OLAP MMAP	2002	Column Family / Wide-Column	Disk-oriented	OLAP MMAP
	Multigres Middleware AI-Assisted	2025	Relational	Disk-oriented	Middleware AI-Assisted
MU	MuopDB Nearest Neighbor MMAP	2024	Vector	Disk-oriented	Nearest Neighbor MMAP
	MyScaleDB OLAP Forked Code Abandoned Failed Company AI-Assisted	2021	Relational	Disk-oriented	OLAP Forked Code Abandoned Failed Company AI-Assisted
	MySQL Acquired Company	1994	Relational	Disk-oriented	Acquired Company
	NarayanaDB OLAP AI-Assisted	2025	Relational	Disk-oriented	OLAP AI-Assisted
	NavDB Abandoned	2017	Key-Value, Relational	Disk-oriented, Hybrid, In-Memory	Abandoned
ND	NDB Cluster Acquired Company OLTP	—	Key-Value	Disk-oriented	Acquired Company OLTP
	Neo4j NoSQL AI-Assisted	2007	Graph	Disk-oriented	NoSQL AI-Assisted
	Neon Serverless Forked Code Acquired Company OLTP	2021	Relational	Disk-oriented	Serverless Forked Code Acquired Company OLTP
NE	Neoview Abandoned	2007	Relational	Disk-oriented	Abandoned
	Neptune	2018	Graph, Triplestore / RDF	Disk-oriented
	nessDB Abandoned	2011	Key-Value	Disk-oriented	Abandoned
	Netezza OLAP Acquired Company	1999	Relational	Disk-oriented	OLAP Acquired Company
	Netlify Database Serverless Hosting Service	2024	Relational	Disk-oriented	Serverless Hosting Service
	NexusDB OLTP	2003	Relational	Disk-oriented	OLTP
	Ninja Database	—	Object-Oriented, Relational	Disk-oriented
	Nitrite NoSQL AI-Assisted	2017	Document / XML	Disk-oriented, In-Memory	NoSQL AI-Assisted
	NodeDB Multi-Model Nearest Neighbor AI-Assisted	2026	Vector, Graph, Array / Matrix, Document / XML, Relational	Disk-oriented	Multi-Model Nearest Neighbor AI-Assisted
	NoKV NoSQL AI-Assisted	2024	Key-Value	Disk-oriented	NoSQL AI-Assisted
	NonStop SQL Acquired Company OLTP	1987	Relational	Disk-oriented	Acquired Company OLTP
	NornicDB Nearest Neighbor AI-Assisted	2025	Graph	Disk-oriented	Nearest Neighbor AI-Assisted
	NoSQL Object Database Acquired Company NoSQL	1988	Object-Oriented	Disk-oriented, In-Memory	Acquired Company NoSQL
	NunDB	2018	Object-Oriented	Disk-oriented, In-Memory
	O2 Failed Company	1990	Object-Oriented	Disk-oriented	Failed Company
	ObsessionDB OLAP Hosting Service	2024	Relational	Disk-oriented, In-Memory, Hybrid	OLAP Hosting Service
	OceanBase	2010	Relational	Disk-oriented
	OctaneDB Nearest Neighbor	2025	Vector	Disk-oriented	Nearest Neighbor
	OlegDB MMAP NoSQL	2014	Key-Value	Disk-oriented	MMAP NoSQL
	OpenBase SQL Failed Company	1991	Relational	Disk-oriented	Failed Company
OP	open-gpdb OLAP Forked Code	2024	Relational	Disk-oriented	OLAP Forked Code
	OpenSearch Forked Code Search Engine AI-Assisted	2021	Document / XML	Disk-oriented	Forked Code Search Engine AI-Assisted
	OpenTSDB Time-Series Abandoned	2010	Key-Value	Disk-oriented	Time-Series Abandoned
	Oracle NoSQL NoSQL	2011	Key-Value	Disk-oriented	NoSQL
	OrioleDB Acquired Company AI-Assisted	2021	Relational	Disk-oriented	Acquired Company AI-Assisted
	OushuDB	2016	Relational	Disk-oriented
	OxidSQL Abandoned	2022	Relational	Disk-oriented	Abandoned
	Oxigraph	2018	Graph, Triplestore / RDF	Disk-oriented
	Oxla OLAP Acquired Company	2020	Relational	Disk-oriented	OLAP Acquired Company
PA	PalDB Abandoned	2015	Key-Value	Disk-oriented	Abandoned
	ParAccel OLAP Acquired Company	2006	Relational	Disk-oriented	OLAP Acquired Company
	Pebble AI-Assisted	2018	Key-Value	Disk-oriented	AI-Assisted
	Percona Server Forked Code	2006	Relational	Disk-oriented	Forked Code
	pickleDB	2011	Document / XML	Disk-oriented
	picoSQL Abandoned	1995	Relational	Disk-oriented	Abandoned
	PieCloudDB OLAP	2021	Relational	Disk-oriented	OLAP
	PipelineDB Acquired Company Abandoned Streaming	2013	Relational	Disk-oriented	Acquired Company Abandoned Streaming
	PlanetScale Forked Code OLTP	2018	Relational	Disk-oriented	Forked Code OLTP
PN	PNUTS Abandoned OLTP NoSQL	2008	Key-Value	Disk-oriented	Abandoned OLTP NoSQL
	PocketBase	2022	Relational	Disk-oriented
	pocketSQL Abandoned	2001	Relational	Disk-oriented	Abandoned
	Pogreb MMAP	2018	Key-Value	Disk-oriented	MMAP
	PointBase Acquired Company	1998	Relational	Disk-oriented	Acquired Company
	PolarDB	2017	Relational	Disk-oriented
	Polypheny Multi-Model	2017	Document / XML, Graph, Relational	Disk-oriented	Multi-Model
	PosDB OLAP	2017	Relational	Disk-oriented	OLAP
	PostgreSQL OLTP	1986	Relational	Disk-oriented	OLTP
	Predator	1996	Relational	Disk-oriented
	ProfaneDB Abandoned	2017	Object-Oriented	Disk-oriented	Abandoned
	Prometheus Time-Series AI-Assisted	2012	Key-Value	Disk-oriented	Time-Series AI-Assisted
	PumpkinDB Abandoned Immutable	2017	Key-Value	Disk-oriented	Abandoned Immutable
	PysonDB Abandoned NoSQL	2020	Document / XML	Disk-oriented	Abandoned NoSQL
	Qdrant Nearest Neighbor Search Engine MMAP AI-Assisted	2020	Vector	Disk-oriented, In-Memory	Nearest Neighbor Search Engine MMAP AI-Assisted
	Qizx Acquired Company	2004	Document / XML	Disk-oriented	Acquired Company
	QLDB Abandoned Blockchain	2018	Document / XML	Disk-oriented	Abandoned Blockchain
	qlever Query Engine	2014	Graph, Triplestore / RDF	Disk-oriented	Query Engine
	QuestDB Time-Series AI-Assisted	2014	Relational	Disk-oriented	Time-Series AI-Assisted
	Quickwit Acquired Company Search Engine AI-Assisted	2021	Document / XML	Disk-oriented	Acquired Company Search Engine AI-Assisted
	RaimaDB Time-Series	1984	Network, Relational	Disk-oriented, Hybrid, In-Memory	Time-Series
	RaptorDB Forked Code	2024	Relational	Disk-oriented	Forked Code
	RavenDB MMAP NoSQL AI-Assisted	2009	Document / XML, Key-Value	Disk-oriented	MMAP NoSQL AI-Assisted
	RayforceDB OLAP AI-Assisted	2023	Relational	Disk-oriented	OLAP AI-Assisted
	Rdb/VMS Acquired Company	1984	Relational	Disk-oriented	Acquired Company
	Reality Acquired Company	1973	Multi-Value, Relational	Disk-oriented	Acquired Company
	Realm Acquired Company Abandoned Mobile	2011	Object-Oriented	Disk-oriented	Acquired Company Abandoned Mobile
	RedDatabase Forked Code	2006	Relational	Disk-oriented	Forked Code
	Redshift OLAP Serverless	2012	Relational	Disk-oriented	OLAP Serverless
	ReductStore Time-Series AI-Assisted	2021	Key-Value	Disk-oriented	Time-Series AI-Assisted
	Rel	2004	Relational	Disk-oriented
	RethinkDB Failed Company NoSQL	2009	Document / XML	Disk-oriented	Failed Company NoSQL
	RexDB Acquired Company	2006	Relational	Disk-oriented	Acquired Company
	RhizomeDB Abandoned Peer-to-Peer	2022	Relational	Disk-oriented	Abandoned Peer-to-Peer
	RisingLight	2021	Relational	Disk-oriented
	RisingWave Streaming AI-Assisted	2021	Relational	Disk-oriented	Streaming AI-Assisted
	RocksDB Forked Code OLTP	2012	Key-Value	Hybrid, Disk-oriented, In-Memory	Forked Code OLTP
	RubatoDB	2014	Key-Value	Disk-oriented
	Rya Abandoned Middleware NoSQL	2012	Triplestore / RDF	Disk-oriented	Abandoned Middleware NoSQL
	SapphireDb Abandoned	2018	Object-Oriented	Disk-oriented	Abandoned
	SchoonerSQL Acquired Company OLTP	2007	Relational	Disk-oriented	Acquired Company OLTP
	SciDB OLAP	2008	Array / Matrix	Disk-oriented	OLAP
SD	SDB	—	Document / XML, Relational	Disk-oriented
	SearchBlox Search Engine	2003	Document / XML	Disk-oriented	Search Engine
	SenseiDB Abandoned	2012	Relational	Disk-oriented	Abandoned
	SequoiaDB	2011	Document / XML	Disk-oriented
	SereneDB OLAP OLTP Search Engine AI-Assisted	2024	Relational	Disk-oriented	OLAP OLTP Search Engine AI-Assisted
	ShannonBase	2024	Relational, Vector	Disk-oriented, In-Memory
	ShardingSphere AI-Assisted	2016	Relational	Disk-oriented	AI-Assisted
SH	Shore Abandoned OLTP	1995	Object-Oriented	Disk-oriented	Abandoned OLTP
	SimpleDB NoSQL	2007	Key-Value	Disk-oriented	NoSQL
	SingleStore OLAP NewSQL Acquired Company OLTP	2011	Document / XML, Key-Value, Multi-Value, Object-Oriented, Relational, Vector	Disk-oriented, Hybrid, In-Memory	OLAP NewSQL Acquired Company OLTP
	Sklad NoSQL	2024	Key-Value	Disk-oriented	NoSQL
	SlateDB AI-Assisted	2024	Key-Value	Disk-oriented	AI-Assisted
	Sled	2016	Key-Value	Disk-oriented
	SleekDB	2018	Document / XML	Disk-oriented
	SmallSQL Abandoned	2005	Relational	Disk-oriented	Abandoned
	Snowflake OLAP	2013	Document / XML, Relational	Disk-oriented	OLAP
	solidDB Acquired Company OLTP	1992	Relational	Disk-oriented, Hybrid, In-Memory	Acquired Company OLTP
	Solr Search Engine NoSQL AI-Assisted	2004	Document / XML	Disk-oriented	Search Engine NoSQL AI-Assisted
	sones GraphDB Abandoned Failed Company	2007	Graph	Disk-oriented	Abandoned Failed Company
SP	Sparkey Abandoned Immutable	2013	Key-Value	Disk-oriented	Abandoned Immutable
	Sparksee	2006	Graph, Object-Oriented	Disk-oriented
	SparrowDB AI-Assisted	2026	Graph	Disk-oriented	AI-Assisted
	Speedb Forked Code Acquired Company	2020	Key-Value	Disk-oriented, In-Memory, Hybrid	Forked Code Acquired Company
	Splice Machine Abandoned Failed Company	2012	Relational	Disk-oriented	Abandoned Failed Company
	SplinterDB NoSQL	2018	Key-Value	Disk-oriented	NoSQL
	Splunk Acquired Company Search Engine	2002	Key-Value	Disk-oriented	Acquired Company Search Engine
	SQLBase Acquired Company	1984	Relational	Disk-oriented	Acquired Company
	SQLite OLTP	2000	Relational	Disk-oriented	OLTP
	SQLite.Cloud OLTP Hosting Service	2020	Relational	Disk-oriented	OLTP Hosting Service
	SSDB Abandoned	2013	Key-Value	Disk-oriented	Abandoned
	StarRocks OLAP AI-Assisted	2021	Relational, Column Family / Wide-Column	Hybrid, Disk-oriented	OLAP AI-Assisted
	Starskey Abandoned OLTP	2025	Key-Value	Disk-oriented	Abandoned OLTP
ST	StormiDB Abandoned NoSQL	2024	Document / XML	Disk-oriented	Abandoned NoSQL
	Superbase	1983	Relational	Disk-oriented
	Swarm64 OLAP Acquired Company	2013	Relational	Disk-oriented	OLAP Acquired Company
	SwayDB Abandoned	2018	Key-Value	Disk-oriented, In-Memory	Abandoned
	SWC-DB Abandoned	2019	Column Family / Wide-Column, Key-Value	Disk-oriented	Abandoned
SY	System R OLTP	1972	Relational	Disk-oriented	OLTP
	Tajo OLAP Abandoned	2012	Relational	Disk-oriented	OLAP Abandoned
	Tarantool	2008	Key-Value	Disk-oriented, In-Memory
	TDSQL	2012	Key-Value, Document / XML, Relational	Disk-oriented
	TerarkDB Forked Code Acquired Company	2016	Key-Value	Disk-oriented, In-Memory, Hybrid	Forked Code Acquired Company
	Theseus OLAP Failed Company	2022	Relational	Disk-oriented	OLAP Failed Company
	ThreadDB Abandoned Peer-to-Peer	2019	Document / XML	Disk-oriented	Abandoned Peer-to-Peer
	Tibero OLTP	2003	Relational	Disk-oriented	OLTP
	TiDB NewSQL AI-Assisted	2015	Key-Value	Disk-oriented	NewSQL AI-Assisted
	TidesDB OLTP	2024	Column Family / Wide-Column	Disk-oriented	OLTP
	TigerBeetle	2020	Relational	Disk-oriented
	TiKV AI-Assisted	2016	Key-Value	Disk-oriented	AI-Assisted
	TileDB NoSQL	2014	Array / Matrix	Disk-oriented, In-Memory	NoSQL
	Timbala Time-Series Abandoned	2016	Relational	Disk-oriented	Time-Series Abandoned
	TimescaleDB Time-Series AI-Assisted	2017	Relational	Disk-oriented	Time-Series AI-Assisted
	TingoDB Abandoned	2013	Document / XML	Disk-oriented	Abandoned
	TinyDB	2013	Document / XML	Disk-oriented, In-Memory
	Tkrzw Abandoned DBM	2020	Key-Value	Disk-oriented	Abandoned DBM
	TokuMX Forked Code Acquired Company Abandoned	2013	Document / XML	Disk-oriented	Forked Code Acquired Company Abandoned
	Tokyo Cabinet DBM	2006	Key-Value	Disk-oriented	DBM
	TopK Nearest Neighbor Search Engine AI-Assisted	2024	Document / XML	Disk-oriented	Nearest Neighbor Search Engine AI-Assisted
	ToplingDB Forked Code AI-Assisted	2021	Key-Value	Disk-oriented	Forked Code AI-Assisted
	ToroDB Abandoned	—	Document / XML	Disk-oriented	Abandoned
	Trafodion Abandoned	2014	Column Family / Wide-Column	Disk-oriented	Abandoned
	TransLattice NewSQL Failed Company	2007	Relational	Disk-oriented	NewSQL Failed Company
TR	Traverse Web Browser NoSQL	2023	Graph	Disk-oriented	Web Browser NoSQL
	Turso OLTP AI-Assisted	2023	Relational	Disk-oriented	OLTP AI-Assisted
	Typhon MMAP AI-Assisted	2015	Object-Oriented	Disk-oriented	MMAP AI-Assisted
	Umbra OLAP OLTP	2018	Array / Matrix, Relational	Disk-oriented	OLAP OLTP
UN	UniVerse Acquired Company	1984	Multi-Value	Disk-oriented	Acquired Company
	UnumDB Abandoned Failed Company	2015	Document / XML, Graph, Key-Value, Array / Matrix	Disk-oriented	Abandoned Failed Company
	Vald Nearest Neighbor Search Engine AI-Assisted	2019	Vector	Disk-oriented	Nearest Neighbor Search Engine AI-Assisted
	Valentina Database OLTP	1998	Relational	Disk-oriented	OLTP
	VanillaDB Abandoned	2016	Multi-Value	Disk-oriented	Abandoned
	VelarixDB	2024	Key-Value	Disk-oriented
	VertexDB Abandoned	2009	Graph	Disk-oriented	Abandoned
	Vertica OLAP Forked Code Acquired Company	2005	Relational	Disk-oriented	OLAP Forked Code Acquired Company
	VillageSQL Forked Code OLTP Revival Project AI-Assisted	2025	Relational	Disk-oriented	Forked Code OLTP Revival Project AI-Assisted
	Vitess Middleware AI-Assisted	2011	Relational	Disk-oriented	Middleware AI-Assisted
	WarehousePG Forked Code AI-Assisted	2025	Relational	Disk-oriented	Forked Code AI-Assisted
	WebScaleSQL Forked Code Abandoned	2014	Relational	Disk-oriented	Forked Code Abandoned
	WonderDB Abandoned OLTP	2013	Relational	Disk-oriented	Abandoned OLTP
	Xata Forked Code AI-Assisted	2020	Relational	Disk-oriented	Forked Code AI-Assisted
	Xeround Failed Company Hosting Service	2005	Relational	Disk-oriented	Failed Company Hosting Service
	XTDB AI-Assisted	2018	Document / XML	Disk-oriented	AI-Assisted
	YantrikDB AI-Assisted	2026	Graph, Key-Value, Vector	Disk-oriented	AI-Assisted
	YARD-SQL Failed Company	1996	Relational	Disk-oriented	Failed Company
	YDB NewSQL OLTP AI-Assisted	2014	Relational	Disk-oriented	NewSQL OLTP AI-Assisted
	YugabyteDB Forked Code OLTP AI-Assisted	2016	Key-Value, Relational	Disk-oriented	Forked Code OLTP AI-Assisted
	ZODB	2002	Object-Oriented	Disk-oriented, In-Memory
	Zvec Nearest Neighbor AI-Assisted	2023	Vector	Disk-oriented	Nearest Neighbor AI-Assisted