Checkpoints

Fuzzy

Snapshots are triggered by either a certain number of mutations or a certain time frame specific to each table.

Compression

Run-Length Encoding

AresDB only compresses data with user defined sort orders that have low cardinality.

Data Model

Relational

Foreign Keys

Supported

Hardware Acceleration

GPU

AresDB uses GPUs for its query execution.

Indexes

Hash Table

AresDB uses Hash Tables primarily for primary key deduplication.

Isolation Levels

Cursor Stability

AresDB only provides transaction atomicity and isolation at the record level.

Joins

Hash Join

AresDB supports hash joins from fact tables (finite set data such as cities) to dimension tables (infinite streaming data such as rides). The database also supports geospatial joins (i.e. geographically bounded area overlap) and normal foreign key joins. Note that AresDB uses late materialization for its joins, meaning the join may not be executed until a foreign key is accessed.

Logging

Logical Logging

Log files contain description of database upserts which must be replayed to rebuild the database after a crash.

Parallel Execution

Intra-Operator (Horizontal)

Executes queries with the one operation per kernel (OOPK) model.

Query Compilation

JIT Compilation

Query Execution

Vectorized Model

AresDB works with vector batches that are efficiently processed in parallel using the Thrust library.

Query Interface

Custom API

AresDB uses a proprietary execution language called Ares Query Language (AQL) which is based in the JSON format, making it compatible with any language that can handle files and/or JSON.

Storage Architecture

Hybrid

Both in memory and on disk, data within the archival delay of a table (i.e. some time duration specified for each table) is kept uncompressed in live batches, while everything else is stored in compressed archival batches. If new data is ingested that is outside the archival delay, it's added to an archival backfill queue which will be inserted into the archived batches asynchronously.

Storage Model

Decomposition Storage Model (Columnar)

AresDB stores data in columnar vectors with an associated null vector and allows for partial tuple updates.

Storage Organization

Sorted Files

Archived data is sorted in a user specified column order, and files are organized by UTC day and Unix time cutoffs.

Stored Procedures

Not Supported

System Architecture

Shared-Disk

The CPU is only used to load information from storage into CPU memory and to distribute this data to GPU memory. The database system delegates each operator in a query to some GPU, so it's able to handle multiple GPUs by delegating different operations to different GPUs, each of which have completely separate memory.

Views

Not Supported