Storage Architecture

Disk-oriented

Tibero stores data files on one or more non-volatile storages. However, in 2008 TmaxSoft released its own in-memory DBMS called Tibero MMDB. In 2012, the company has made an interview that it is currently considering amalgamating the original disk-oriented product with its in-memory DBMS in the future.

Query Execution

Tuple-at-a-Time Model

Tibero uses the pipeline model for inter-operator parallelism.

Indexes

B+Tree BitMap

Tibero uses B-Trees to create indexes. It also supports organizing tables with clustered indexes on primary keys. Searching on indexes can be done with single attributes or on a range. An index can be created and searched on composite key from multiple attributes. BitMap Indexing is supported for OLAP data warehouses.

Views

Virtual Views Materialized Views

Tibero supports virtual views. It uses materialized views to optimize queries.

Joins

Nested Loop Join Hash Join Sort-Merge Join

Storage Organization

Heaps

At a physical level, Tibero stores a control file that acts as a directory to keep track of all data files in the database. The data files each belong to a tablespace which refers to a specific table/index. At a logical level, data files are organized as a collection of blocks within a tablespace.

Data Model

Relational

Storage Model

N-ary Storage Model (Row/Record)

Tibero stores table rows in a disk block until the block's free space reaches a percentage below a configurable parameter. Large objects are stored in multiple blocks unless the parameter is configured to be sufficiently large.

Parallel Execution

Intra-Operator (Horizontal) Inter-Operator (Vertical)

Tibero uses both intra-operator and inter-operator simultaneously for parallel execution. The query coordinator allocates worker threads to perform intra-operator parallelism. The number of worker threads allocated depends on a configurable parameter. These worker threads form a producer set. At the same time, another collection of worker threads called a consumer set is created. The producer set delivers rows to the consumer set to process the next execution plan simultaneously for inter-operator parallelism.

Isolation Levels

Serializable

Tibero claims to ensure Serializable isolation level