Checkpoints

Fuzzy

Altibase uses fuzzy & ping-pong checkpoint methods to safely back up the most recent state of the database.

Concurrency Control

Multi-version Concurrency Control (MVCC)

Altibase has Multi-version Concurrency Control (MVCC) which provides high throughput with consistency and isolation. It is implemented in different ways for memory tablespaces and disk tablespaces. Altibase uses “Out Place MVCC” for memory tablespaces and “In-Place MVCC” for disk tablespaces. They both superficially appear similar, so there is no need for the user to distinguish between the two.

In Out-Place MVCC, a new version of a record is created and associated with previous versions of the record every time an update operation occurs. In In-Place MVCC, the contents of the columns that belong to the original records and the ones that are being changed, are written as “undo log records” to an undo page. These logs exist in undo tablespace, and the new data is written to the location of the original record.

Data Model

Relational

Altibase is a relational database that is also ACID and SQL compliant. Atlibase is compatible and interoperable with Oracle and migrating from another database to Altibase is less complex than majority of other migrations. Altibase also uses sharding technology which allows minimal use of coordinators.

Foreign Keys

Supported

Altibase allows for foreign keys.

Indexes

B+Tree R-Tree

Altibase supports two types of indexes: B-tree indexes and R-tree indexes. The R-tree index is a multi-dimensional index type for use with spatial queries.

Isolation Levels

Read Committed Serializable Repeatable Read

Altibase has “read committed” (0), “repeatable read” (1), and “no phantom read” (2), which can be selected appropriately depending on the user’s requirements. Each number refers to the level of which the transaction isolation levels succeeds. These levels are defined by the presence or absence of dirty reads (uncommitted data), non-repeatable reads, and phantom (initially unseen data).

Parallel Execution

Intra-Operator (Horizontal) Inter-Operator (Vertical)

Altibase can scale vertically and horizontally via sharding. Altibase can automatically account for the addition of new RAM and faster processors which results in an immediate performance increase.

Query Compilation

Not Supported

Altibase creates service threads for query processing and put them in the Service Thread pool. For every user configuration when the server is started, a number of service threads increases.

Query Interface

SQL

Altibase supports SQL92 and SQL99 standard, and also provides extended features. Altibase also supports ODBC, JDBC and C/C++ Precompiler.

Storage Architecture

In-Memory Hybrid

Altibase is a hybrid database. It can access both memory-resident and disk-resident tables. It offers ACID compliance and can support both synchronous and asynchronous replication.

Storage Organization

Sorted Files

Tables are ordered in regards to the node that created them along with the type of storage. Memory hash tables scan and save records in two methods - the bucket method or the partitioning method. The bucket method saves records in buckets in a list format, and scans the records through these buckets. On the other hand, the partitioning method keeps the records in a list, but scans records by partitions.

Stored Procedures

Supported

Altibase supports stored procedures and triggers, which is automatically executed by the system in order to accomplish a particular task when data modified from a table.

System Architecture

Shared-Nothing

Altibase is a shared-nothing DBMS which provides sharding. It has a distributed architecture where all the nodes work independently of each other to satisfy a given query, and report back to the master node when done. The nodes don’t share any memory or disk space and the data within nodes are distributed across nodes through a distribution key.

Views

Materialized Views

In order to accelerate the performance and reduce the size of materialized views, columns that are not referenced by the user are excluded.