Checkpoints

Consistent

Concurrency Control

Multi-version Concurrency Control (MVCC) Deterministic Concurrency Control

Coordination

Decentralized

HotStandby servers are controlled by distributed HA Controller processes.

Data Model

Relational

Fault Tolerance

Conflict Resolution Synchronous Replication Asynchronous Replication

HotStandby can be configured to run with fine-grained levels ranging from asynchronous to strictly synchronous replication.

Asynchronous (CRep) replication detects schema inconsistencies and conflicting updates.

Foreign Keys

Supported

Hardware Acceleration

Custom

Cache-conscious data structures for in-memory tables.

Hnswlib uses hardware optimized distance functions if the hardware supports them.

Indexes

B+Tree Patricia/Radix Trie

B+-tree for on-disk tables, and combination of compressed Patricia trie and cache conscious B-tree leaf level nodes.

Isolation Levels

Read Committed Serializable Repeatable Read

Read Committed, Repeatable Read & Serializable for on-disk tables, Read Committed and Repeatable Read for in-memory tables.

Logging

Physiological Logging

Parallel Execution

Bushy

Parallel reads

Query Compilation

Code Generation Stored Procedure Compilation

Query Execution

Materialized Model

Query Interface

Custom API SQL Stored Procedures HTTP / REST Command-line / Shell

Storage Architecture

Disk-oriented In-Memory Hybrid

Per table granularity. Both in-memory - and on-disk tables are supported on same schema. Table types are transparent to queries.

Storage Model

N-ary Storage Model (Row/Record)

Stored Procedures

Supported

System Architecture

Shared-Nothing Shared-Everything Shared-Memory Embedded

User-Defined Functions

Java

Views

Virtual Views